Connect with us
BNM Summit

BNM Writers

Crazy Week of News Has Impact on Ratings

Multiple networks broke into covering the surreal chaotic scene — the first time the U.S. Capitol was under siege since 1812. CNN was tops, peaking at 10.17 million viewers in the 4-5 p.m. ET hour; the 5-6 p.m. ET drew 10.05 million.

Doug Pucci

Published

on

The kickoff to the year of 2021 was quite a rollercoaster-like week for the United States.

On Jan. 3, there was the release of audio of Donald Trump pressuring the Georgia Secretary of State to help “find” him more votes from the presidential election. Two days later, Georgia was also in focus as it was Election Day there for the runoff races between four candidates vying for two senate seats — at stake was either a continued Republican majority in the U.S. senate or a theoretic Democratic control in a 50-50 split scenario with incoming Vice President Kamala Harris as the tiebreaker. The prime time viewer winner on cable that evening was MSNBC. From 8-11 p.m. ET on Jan. 5, MSNBC’s election coverage with Rachel Maddow, Brian Williams, Nicolle Wallace, Joy Reid and Steve Kornacki drew 4.655 million viewers. Fox News was close behind with 4.35 million; CNN averaged 3.9 million. MSNBC nearly topped CBS (4.68 million) but it, along with its cable news competition, each outdrew the other broadcast networks NBC (3.6 million), ABC (3.4 million) and Fox (1.79 million).

CNN was the No. 1 prime time network (also over broadcast TV) in adults 25-54 with approximately 1.39 million viewers within that key demographic. MSNBC was runner-up (~1.15 million); Fox News (~870,000) trailed behind.

As developments of the two tight races were unfolding in the overnight (and which ultimately led to victories for Democrats Rev. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff), MSNBC remained the most-watched cable news outlet. Here’s the breakdown:

11 p.m.-midnight

  • MSNBC: 4.619 million viewers
  • CNN: 3.452 million viewers
  • Fox News Channel: 3.308 million viewers

Midnight-1 a.m.

  • MSNBC: 3.822 million viewers
  • CNN: 3.144 million viewers
  • Fox News Channel: 1.835 million viewers

1-2 a.m.

  • MSNBC: 2.514 million viewers
  • CNN: 2.301 million viewers
  • Fox News Channel: 1.084 million viewers

2-3 a.m.

  • MSNBC: 1.837 million viewers
  • CNN: 1.830 million viewers
  • Fox News Channel: 0.756 million viewers

Then, the infamous date of Jan. 6, 2021 when the Electoral College vote was to be officially declared by elected government leaders at the U.S. Capitol. While that would eventually occur later that night, the afternoon was marred by the swarm of Trump-supporting invaders of the Capitol building to disrupt the process. Multiple networks broke into covering the surreal chaotic scene — the first time the U.S. Capitol was under siege since 1814 during the War of 1812. CNN was tops, peaking at 10.17 million viewers in the 4-5 p.m. ET hour; the 5-6 p.m. ET drew 10.05 million. Those same two hours were also highly watched for MSNBC (4-6 p.m. ET: 6.41 million) and Fox News (4-5 p.m. ET: 6.53 million; 5-6 p.m. ET: 6.18 million).

Insurrection coverage on the Trump-friendly outlet Newsmax TV posted the following viewer figures: 0.80 million (noon-2 p.m.), 1.02 million (2-5 p.m.), 1.22 million (5-6 p.m.), 1.045 million (6-7 p.m.), 1.03 million (for “Greg Kelly Reports” 7-8 p.m.) and 0.77 million (for “Stinchfield” 8-9:30 p.m.).

Advancing to prime time, as Washington D.C. implemented a curfew, tougher security via the National Guard arrived at the Capitol, and debates among senators and congressmembers were able to resume, the Big-3 broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, NBC) preempted its regular schedule to report on the events of the day. Yet, cable news continued to be a more popular destination for up-to-date information; two of those outlets led all of television in viewership. From 8-11 p.m. Eastern, CNN averaged 8.42 million viewers and MSNBC 7.64 million. MSNBC’s   broadcast parent NBC posted 5.82 million, followed by Fox News (4.7 million) and ABC (3.84 million). CBS’s special report coverage from 9-11 p.m. ET averaged 2.23 million.

CNBC’s “The News with Shepard Smith”, which had aired from 7-9 p.m., drew 345,000 viewers; approximately 100,000 more than its nightly average from recent weeks.

The calendar turned from 2020 to 2021 last week, and the three cable news channels still remained popular but it was ESPN, which featured the College Football Playoff on New Year’s Day, that led all cable networks in all key figures (total viewers and demos). In total day (6 p.m. to 5:59 a.m.) data for the week ending Jan. 3, 2021, according to Nielsen Media Research, CNN was runner-up to ESPN in total viewers (1.25 million, to ESPN’s 2.43 million) but topped cable news. The annual New Year’s Eve Live coverage from Times Square on CNN with Anderson Cooper and Andy Cohen reached an all-time high (since its 2001 initial special) with 3.364 million viewers — a near-doubling of its year-ago audience (1.727 million from Dec. 31, 2019; +95 percent year over year).

The third and fourth place spots on all of cable were Fox News Channel (1.13 million) and MSNBC (1.015 million).

In full, here are the cable news prime time averages for Dec. 28, 2020-Jan. 3, 2021:

Total Day (6 a.m.-5:59 a.m.)

  • Fox News Channel: 1.293 million viewers; 180,000 adults 25-54
  • CNN: 1.252 million viewers; 297,000 adults 25-54
  • MSNBC: 1.282 million viewers; 155,000 adults 25-54

Prime Time (Dec. 28-Jan. 2 @ 8-11 p.m.; Jan. 3 @ 7-11 p.m.)

  • Fox News Channel: 1.771 million viewers; 249,000 adults 25-54
  • CNN: 1.594 million viewers; 406,000 adults 25-54
  • MSNBC: 1.430 million viewers; 218,000 adults 25-54

Top 10 most-watched cable news programs in total viewers:

1. New Year’s Eve Live with Anderson Cooper and Andy Cohen (CNN, Thu. 12/31/2020 8:00 PM, 270 min.) 3.364 million viewers

2. Tucker Carlson Tonight (FOXNC, Tue. 12/29/2020 8:00 PM, 60 min.) 2.830 million viewers

3. Rachel Maddow Show (MSNBC, Wed. 12/30/2020 9:00 PM, 60 min.) 2.794 million viewers

4. Tucker Carlson Tonight (FOXNC, Mon. 12/28/2020 8:00 PM, 60 min.) 2.768 million viewers

5. Rachel Maddow Show (MSNBC, Mon. 12/28/2020 9:00 PM, 60 min.) 2.681 million viewers

6. Rachel Maddow Show (MSNBC, Tue. 12/29/2020 9:00 PM, 60 min.) 2.629 million viewers

7. The Five (FOXNC, Wed. 12/30/2020 5:00 PM, 60 min.) 2.598 million viewers

8. Tucker Carlson Tonight (FOXNC, Wed. 12/30/2020 8:00 PM, 60 min.) 2.536 million viewers

9. The Five (FOXNC, Tue. 12/29/2020 5:00 PM, 60 min.) 2.526 million viewers

10. New Year’s Eve Live with Brooke Baldwin and Don Lemon (CNN, Thu. 12/31/2020 12:30 AM, 60 min.) 2.522 million viewers

Top 10 cable news programs (and the top MSNBC and Fox News program and its associated rank) among adults 25-54:

1. New Year’s Eve Live with Anderson Cooper and Andy Cohen (CNN, Thu. 12/31/2020 8:00 PM, 270 min.) 1.205 million adults 25-54

2. New Year’s Eve Live with Brooke Baldwin and Don Lemon (CNN, Thu. 12/31/2020 12:30 AM, 60 min.) 0.953 million adults 25-54

3. Situation Room (CNN, Mon. 12/28/2020 6:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.531 million adults 25-54

4. Erin Burnett Outfront (CNN, Mon. 12/28/2020 7:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.515 million adults 25-54

5. Situation Room (CNN, Tue. 12/29/2020 5:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.497 million adults 25-54

6. CNN Newsroom (CNN, Sun. 1/3/2021 8:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.488 million adults 25-54

7. Situation Room (CNN, Mon. 12/28/2020 5:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.486 million adults 25-54

8. CNN Newsroom (CNN, Sun. 1/3/2021 6:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.464 million adults 25-54

9. CNN Newsroom (CNN, Sun. 1/3/2021 7:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.463 million adults 25-54

10. Situation Room (CNN, Tue. 12/29/2020 6:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.456 million adults 25-54

17. Rachel Maddow Show (MSNBC, Tue. 12/29/2020 9:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.427 million adults 25-54

30. Tucker Carlson Tonight (FOXNC, Tue. 12/29/2020 8:00 PM, 60 min.) 0.394 million adults 25-54

Subscribe To The BNM Rundown

The Top 8 News Media Stories of the Day, sent directly to your inbox every afternoon!

Invalid email address
We promise not to spam you. You can unsubscribe at any time.
Continue Reading
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

BNM Writers

What Sid Rosenberg and Mike Gallagher Learned By Visiting Israel

“It changed everything for me. We came back and joined a Temple … I’m a lot more serious about the religion than I was before I went.”

Garrett Searight

Published

on

A photo of Mike Gallagher and Sid Rosenberg in Israel
(Photo: Mike Gallagher, Sid Rosenberg)

After the October 7th terrorist attacks in Gaza, news/talk radio hosts Sid Rosenberg, Mike Gallagher, and Tony Katz each individually took trips to Israel to share stories from the Jewish state.

On Sunday, October 8th, the NFL’s New York Giants were set to play the New York Jets in a regular season that happens roughly once every four years. For Sid Rosenberg, the day should have been a joyous one as one of the biggest media members in the market.

However, the day was a somber one for the 77 WABC morning host. He posted a video on Instagram that Sunday morning, sharing his true feelings about the situation, stating he could hardly be bothered to care about the football game that day after the attacks.

It didn’t take him long to declare that he would visit Israel. In fact, just over six weeks after Hamas killed an estimated 1,100 Israelis on that fateful Saturday, Rosenberg told his listeners he would be hosting his wildly popular morning show from the Middle East.

He told Barrett News Media he became motivated to cover the story on the ground from Israel — a country he had never been to before — while watching the events unfold that early October day.

“I’ve always wanted to go, obviously as a Jewish kid from Brooklyn, and once that day happened October the 7th, I vowed I would go at some point, hopefully sooner than later,” he shared.

“I was so horrified by what I had seen, what I had heard, what was coming next that it really shook me. And, you know, it’s one thing to talk about it when you’re here watching the news most of which you can trust, I knew how to go and see it for myself. I had to go and talk to the Israelis in the streets … So, I wanted to talk to the Israelis in the streets and find out how they were coping with all of that. It’s one thing when you cover this story from your city, it’s another one you actually go to the destination.”

Mike Gallagher, who hosts The Mike Gallagher Show for Salem Radio Network and Salem News Channel, made the trek to Israel in late February and early March. He told Barrett News Media that, like Rosenberg, he became motivated to tell the story of the attacks from the nation on October 7th. He shared he felt it was a “very important component of what I do for a living every day on the radio.”

He added that the reaction from his audience was an intense gratitude.

“Just enormous appreciation for going over there,” Mike Gallagher said of his listeners. “Just a lot of support for the International Fellowship of Christians and Jews. They’re providing armored ambulances to paramedics and emergency first responders, and helmets, and food, and supplies. Our audience stepped up big time to help the fellowship. So their generosity was really inspiring and overwhelming.

“But there was just a deep gratitude that we went through the effort of going over there,” he continued. “My goal was to bring our audience to Israel, rather than trying to cover the headlines the way we grew up in the United States. And I think the audience was very, very grateful that we went.”

Mike Gallagher added that one of the takeaways from the trip was the sheer brutality of the terrorists during the attack. The Israeli State Department compiled a 47-minute video of closed-circuit television footage, along with footage show by Hamas, which showed the “euphoria and the joy”, Gallagher said, the fighters received from executing the attacks.

Sid Rosenberg was quick to admit he was not the most religious Jewish person, but visiting the Holy Land had a profound impact on his faith.

“I don’t observe Shabbos, I don’t celebrate every holiday, and I still don’t. But I’m a lot more serious about the religion than I was before. We’ve joined a temple. I’ve been to many, many people’s houses for Shabbat dinner since October 7th which I’d never done before in my lifetime,” he shared.

“I’ve got people listening every day in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and if I could provide them with some support and some hope that things will get better, that’s what I try to do every day. It has completely changed me. It has made me a more proud Jew than I’ve ever been. And I look to help any Jew that I can, here and abroad, at every opportunity I can.”

As the coverage of the war between Israel and Hamas continues, Gallagher shared how impactful visiting Jerusalem was in helping to truly understand the conflict.

“It gave me a clarity and an insight that I could have never gotten had I just been sitting in my studio in Florida talking about it on the air,” he said.

Sid Rosenberg, who was the first host to take his show to the Middle East nation, said there needs to be an authenticity if other hosts want to make the same pilgrimage he made.

“Listen, you gotta feel it. That’s the bottom line. I felt it,” he shared. “Every show since then, I’ve had mentions of Israel and what these people are going through. I haven’t gone one day. I still find a way every day to include conversations about Israel, and what’s going on, I was torn up. So my advice is if you’re going to go there just to say you were there, don’t do it.”

Sid Rosenberg added that the reception he received from the Jewish people was second to none and that he could feel the unity and resolve from their spirits.

“If it’s not in your heart, don’t bother going. But if it is, I recommend you go. Go to the sites down south where the tragedies happened and try to see and learn as much Jewish history as possible. Because the more you learn, the more you’re going to find out that these pro-Palestinian rallies are nothing but a bunch of bulls—.”

Mike Gallagher shared similar sentiments. He noted that Salem Radio Network partnered with the Jewish News Service to provide him with studio space while he was in the country. However, the technology has made it much easier to do a trip like this.

“You just got to figure out how to get over there. It’s not cheap. It’s not inexpensive to fly to Tel Aviv, but it’s also not impossible,” said Gallagher. “I believe it’s what good hosts, good programming, and good content creators should be doing anyway. When you get a chance to bring your show to a place where headlines worldwide are being made like this, you should do it.

“Remotes have been part of my career for 40-plus years. I’ll be in Milwaukee this summer for the Republican National Convention. I’ve been to every convention for the last I think 28, 30 years. I like doing that. It can be tricky and distracting, but it’s important because you know the audience wants to be there. To be part of that breaking news is what it’s all about. I would encourage anybody who has a little ingenuity, creativity, and a little bit of a budget, to go over there and tell the story to your audience here in the United States. It’ll be transformational.”

Tuesday, May 14th, is Israel’s Independence Day as the country celebrates the 76th of declaring independence which was proclaimed by David Ben-Guiron.

Subscribe To The BNM Rundown

The Top 8 News Media Stories of the Day, sent directly to your inbox every afternoon!

Invalid email address
We promise not to spam you. You can unsubscribe at any time.
Continue Reading

BNM Writers

Is ‘Talk’ Doing the Heavy Lifting in the ‘News/Talk’ Branding?

Calling yourself a News or a News-Talk station still comes with some responsibilities and obligations but that often is not recognized by programmers who do not have a news background…

Bill Zito

Published

on

A photo of a microphone

My two least favorite subjects in the world of media are “Layoffs” and “Talk Shows”.

That’s not to say I don’t find it worthwhile to address their occasion or existence, instead, I just wish they were far less pervasive.

Quite frankly, my head has barely stopped spinning from the most recent job cuts, department gutting, and personnel removals that have hit the business of news, largely in radio once again. And remember, most of us are bystanders in all this, empathetic for certain but fiscally unaffected.

Imagine how the injured must be feeling.

The pattern is evident, largely because it’s a repetitive process. News stations cut the journalism product, which means slicing away more journalists. News/Talk stations, too cut the journalism product, by again, slicing away more journalists.

So, News becomes less news-like and News/Talk becomes more talky.

The circle of life continues.

I say that because to me it’s quite apparent that the common thought process by management and higher-ups is that “news” is not very necessary if at all and that the audience will not recognize the depreciation of the product and therefore not miss the people or the content.

One can only surmise that the modern directorate of these stations and parent companies has full faith and confidence that the Talk shows can keep them alive. They get listener emails and calls so they must be popular. Does anybody bother to check how many of those emails or calls are coming from the same nine people? Probably not.

That’s not to say that stations are actually holding on to their local Talk product with both hands.

Not at all.

Local Talk shows can be pricey to a station, that’s why there are so many across the country that have one, maybe two local shows at most and farm the rest of the day out to syndicated programming. The local hosts offer local topics, some less than others — and to be accurate, it’s usually the same things, over and over — but there is no denying that the topics, while repetitive, are mostly legitimate. But, syndicated shows do the same thing only with national or more generic subject matter and often they come at a bargain or significantly reduced overhead.

Most of the time, actually, the average listener has no idea where their host is broadcasting from anyway. They don’t know if that voice is in the studio or their den at home. Hell, many a time the listener doesn’t know that their “local” host is actually in another state, and because the station overlords aren’t keen on letting the audience know that, their local show ain’t so local.

But of course, these are the same bosses who let their shows take those same nine callers every day and put them on the air. Like, have a free co-host, right?

Not long ago I would sit in a newsroom adjacent to a very empty air studio where the local shows were being piped out all day. There were two local hosts that I did not even see for more than a year even though I was doing the top and bottom-of-the-hour newscasts during their “local” shows.

I eventually met both of them when they came to town for a holiday party.

Does it matter at the end of the day?

The bosses may say no but time will tell and I don’t share their optimism. When you cut people and products no matter the reason, it’s still a self-inflicted wound. It may be a slow bleed but it’s a bleed nonetheless and relying on one or even two-person shows that offer little else than conjecture, gossip, and one-dimensional thinking is hardly a recipe for life-support much less well-being.

That’s not even to recognize what media outlets are doing to the Talk programming that they expect to keep them afloat. We already know that recent layoffs impacted News anchors, reporters, producers, and editors. So that means a local anchor who was once able to focus solely on the news content now must edit that content themselves and often pick up the traffic report to boot. Easier in some markets than others I would guess.

Let’s look at the Talk shows now, the saviors, if you will and what station management thinks made sense to do.

Cut one host from a two-person show to save money, take another host from another day part and stick them with the now solo host, and fill that gap with syndicated programming that you got on the cheap because nobody wants it. Oh, by the way, your new two-person host team, did you bother to check to see if they’re compatible, that they have any chemistry, or that the audience will embrace the now no longer gender or culturally diverse show?

Calling yourself a News or a News-Talk station still comes with some responsibilities and obligations but that often is not recognized by programmers who do not have a news background or do not have a talk history but come instead from the sales and promotions departments.

Here’s a thought: If you’re not selling ad time, do you really believe the problem is with your news staff or one-half of a talk team? Could it be the salespeople who aren’t selling or the promotions people who aren’t promoting? You know, the very jobs you hired them to do? Is business still business or are these individuals in charge simply spinning their wheels and wasting people’s time?

In the current climate, I’m not even so sure that having a talk background is actually a benefit to being a successful talk programmer. Put a blindfold on and stick a pin in a list of syndicated shows or spin the wheel of national programs that you can afford to onboard. Chances are you’re going to mirror the talk lineup offered on dozens of stations in dozens of markets so where’s the risk?

Locally, it’s either stunt casting or a former journalist who crossed over into what they actually believed was something called News/Talk. There’s no such thing or if there was, it’s long gone. You’re Moonlight Graham and you stepped over the baseline. You can’t go back.

So, when there is no more news to cut, the elective surgery will focus almost completely on the last remaining target, exactly what the bosses believe will keep the station afloat and they themselves employed. Talk about repeatedly biting the hand that feeds you.

As you might expect, the focus will soon turn to the very bosses and underbosses who will eventually find themselves the subjects of layoffs, reorganization, and perhaps even the inescapable format flip.

Come on now, everybody loves sports and country music, right?

Either way, for some inexplicable reason, Sales and Promotions will still be there.

Subscribe To The BNM Rundown

The Top 8 News Media Stories of the Day, sent directly to your inbox every afternoon!

Invalid email address
We promise not to spam you. You can unsubscribe at any time.
Continue Reading

BNM Writers

How Jesse Watters Became an Unlikely Source for Dating Advice

“If you want to find a date, just post a picture with Jesse Watters and you will get a ring, ladies.”

Rick Schultz

Published

on

A photo of Jesse Watters and the Fox News logo
(Photo: Fox News)

With so much division and tumult across the country in recent years, Fox News hosted a more lighthearted segment Friday night. The goal was to highlight how viewers might put aside the more weighty issues of the day, at least temporarily, to find meaningful, romantic relationships. Jesse Watters welcomed in John McEntee, founder of The Right Stuff, a traditional, conservative dating app. He began the playful segment of Jesse Watters Primetime with a pointed question.

“Tell me why you believe that liberals are just so unhappy all the time,” Watters began.

“I think most liberals are insecure people and they find meaning in adopting some made-up identity instead of just being themselves,” McEntee said. “You know, they replace faith in God with faith in the state. And instead of family being their focus, they focus on things like racial and social justice. But ultimately that leads to a less fulfilling life and probably why they’re so stressed out.”

“And they can’t handle the stress,” Watters, also co-host of the popular program, The Five, added. “I mean, even the slightest bit of resistance to anything they want makes them feel unsafe. Most people consider that feeling to be just a little bit uncomfortable. But they consider feeling uncomfortable with unsafe.”

McEntee’s dating app was launched in 2022 and funded by entrepreneur and co-founder of PayPal, Peter Thiel.  On their website, they say The Right Stuff was created for conservatives to connect in authentic and meaningful ways. Other dating apps have gone woke. We bring people together with shared values and similar passions.

McEntee pulled no punches when explaining to Watters why he thinks today’s liberal hive-mind tends to be more radicalized than ever, and incapable of breaking away and developing objective, independent thoughts.

“They’re trying to internalize all of the world’s problems and then project it onto everyone here. There are, you know, I don’t know what’s going on. They’ve tried to remove truth from comedy, from television, from academia. And ultimately when you have a movement that’s not based in truth it just ends in disarray. And that’s probably what we’re seeing,” McEntee said.

Jesse Watters bridged into a discussion specifically about McEntee’s dating app, on which a woman posted a photo with Watters in her profile. With tongue planted firmly in cheek, Watters bragged that the woman is now engaged, partly due to his appearance in her profile.

“We’re very happy for her,” Watters said. “If you want to find a date, just post a picture with Jesse Watters and you will get a ring, ladies. It’s true though, John. People do tend to follow who they like.”

“Jesse Watters is a cheat code if you’re on The Right Stuff dating app,” McEntee joked. “It’s a dating app for conservatives. If you’re looking for a normal, traditional dating experience and you’re having no luck on the other apps, try ours. It’s all good people looking to go out, have fun, build strong families, build strong communities. And ultimately a stronger country.”

Online daters have many options in the year 2024, from more mainstream choices to those based on extreme niches or even values-based algorithms.  

In a 2022 interview on the Fox Business Network with host Maria Bartiromo, McEntee said, “the biggest deal-breaker right now, when it comes to dating, is political affiliation. That’s just because of how the country is. In the past it used to be something like religion. And there’s a dating app for just about every group. Until now when there wasn’t one for conservatives.”

Many people point to the pandemic and what they call “Trump Derangement Syndrome” as factors that have increased the breakup of families and relationships of all kinds in recent years. 

One of McEntee’s’ dating app’s taglines is For Those Who Know Traditional is Attractive. The line serves as a deliberate pushback against the popular left-leaning culture, including most other existing online dating options.

“The leftism is actually built into them by the tags and the stickers and the things they fund,” McEntee told Bartiromo two years ago on Mornings with Maria. “So you’re giving them your business and then they’re going – if you look at their social media accounts and any of these things they’re promoting – very far left. Not to mention conservatives cannot be themselves openly because of the hostility we face.”

Based on demographics and ratings information, Watters’ Fox News audience seems like a perfect fit. And in closing, the host distilled their dating philosophy.

“We’re just looking for normal. Shouldn’t be that hard.”

Subscribe To The BNM Rundown

The Top 8 News Media Stories of the Day, sent directly to your inbox every afternoon!

Invalid email address
We promise not to spam you. You can unsubscribe at any time.
Continue Reading
Advertisement

Advertisement
Advertisement

Upcoming Events

BNM Writers

Copyright © 2024 Barrett Media.